3TG -- tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold -- the "conflict minerals"

Research outputs on certified metals and conflict-free sourcing

• Young SB. (2014). Responsible sourcing of metals: certification approaches for conflict minerals and conflict-free metals. Working paper

• Young, S. B. (2014). Mapping global flows of critical metals: tin, tantalum and tungsten. Presentation at Critical Materials from Producers to End-Users: Challenges and Solutions, Waterloo, Canada

• Young, S. B., Yuan, Z., & Dias, G. (2014). Prospects for sustainability certification of metals. Metallurgical Research & Technology (formerly “Revue de Métallurgie”). March (6 pages), http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2014008. 
• ABSTRACT

• Young SB, Business strategies and practices toward conflict-free metal supply. Presentation at Life Cycle Management (LCM) 2013, Gothenburg, Sweden

• Steven B. Young, Goretty Dias, Yuan Zhe (2013). Challenges in Sustainability Certification of Metals. Proc. International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technologies (ISSST), v1. (6 pages)  http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.956306 
• ABSTRACT
• Challenges to metal certification involve business and physical barriers
• Physical barriers to tracing metal flows include mixing and transformation of materials that takes place in upstream production
• Chain-of-custody models have not matured for metals programs 

• S.B. Young, G. Dias (2012). Conflict-free minerals supply-chain to electronics, in Electronics Goes Green 2012+ (EGG). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6360416&isnumber=6360408

• Young S, Dias G (2011). LCM of metals supply to electronics: tracking and tracing "conflict minerals". Presentation at LCM 2011 - Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management, August 28-31, Berlin. 
• http://www.lcm2011.org/papers.html?file=tl_files/pdf/paper/6_Session_LCM_in_the_Electronics_and_ICT_Sectors/3_Young-LCM_of_metals_supply_to_electronics-679_b.pdf 

• GHGm (2008). Social and Environmental Responsibility in Metals Supply to the Electronic Industry. Guelph, Canada: GreenhouseGasMeasurement.com. Produced for the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) and Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI). June 20, 2008. 116 pages.
• Available at EICC.
• Research report by S.B. Young, G. Dias, A. Fonseca, M.S. O'Keefe

• Young, S. B., Fonseca, A., & Dias, G. (2010). Principles for responsible metals supply to electronics. Social Responsibility Journal, 6(1), 126-142.http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17471111011024595

Disclosure

S.B. Young is a member of the Audit Review Committee of the Electronics Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) & Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) Conflict Free Smelter Program.
http://www.conflictfreesourcing.org/